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James McLaughlin (Indian agent)
James McLaughlin (1842–1923) was a Canadian-American United States Indian agent and inspector, best known for having ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull in December 1890, which resulted in the chief's death. Before this event, he was known for his positive relations with several tribes. His memoir, published in 1910, was entitled, ''My Friend the Indian.''
McLaughlin emigrated to the United States at the age of 21, living briefly in St. Paul, Minnesota, where he married a Mdewakanton woman of mixed-blood descent. He soon became a citizen. While working as a blacksmith at Fort Totten, he studied to become a US Indian agent, and was selected to supervise the Devils Lake Agency in 1876. He was promoted and transferred in 1881 to the larger Standing Rock Sioux Agency in the Dakotas, working there for many years, in an era of short-term political appointments. In 1895 he was promoted to a position as Inspector of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and Department of Interior, working until his death in 1923 in Washington, DC.
==Early life and education==
James McLaughlin was the 6th of 9 children born to Felix (Catholic) and Mary (Prince, Protestant) McLaughlin,〔http://boards.ancestry.com/thread.aspx?mv=flat&m=22&p=surnames.mclaughlin cmiley34961 18 Mar 2002〕 emigrants from Northern Ireland to Canada. James was born and raised Catholic〔The fifth annual report of the Executive Committee of the Indian Rights Association for the year ending December 20th, 1887, Office of the Indian Rights Association 1888, Standing Rock Reserve p59〕 in Avonmore, Ontario, Canada. He likely attended local schools and also learned the trade of blacksmith.
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